Bangalore to Kumarakom Bus Rental - Group Travel to the Backwater Paradise of Vembanad
Top Rated Bus & Car Rental Services
App Store
(1.2K+ Reviews)
Play Store
(1.4K+ Reviews)
Google Reviews
(2.5K+ Reviews)
100K+Happy Customers(Across India)
Top Rated Bus & Car Rental Services
Vembanad Lake and Houseboat Cruises
Vembanad is the longest lake in India and the largest in Kerala, and Kumarakom sits right on its eastern edge. A day or overnight cruise on a kumarakom houseboat is the reason many people make this trip. The converted kettuvallam rice barges drift past fishing villages, toddy shops and paddy polders while a cook prepares Kerala meals on board. Evening cruises are the most beautiful, as the light softens over the water and the lake goes quiet.
Vembanad Lake and Houseboat Cruises
Vembanad is the longest lake in India and the largest in Kerala, and Kumarakom sits right on its eastern edge. A day or overnight cruise on a kumarakom houseboat is the reason many people make this trip. The converted kettuvallam rice barges drift past fishing villages, toddy shops and paddy polders while a cook prepares Kerala meals on board. Evening cruises are the most beautiful, as the light softens over the water and the lake goes quiet.
Kumarakom Bird Sanctuary
Spread across about 14 acres on the lake shore, the kumarakom bird sanctuary is home to egrets, darters, herons, cormorants, kingfishers and owls. Migratory species arrive between November and February, while the monsoon months bring nesting activity. A walking trail runs through mangroves and a canal-side path, and early mornings from 6:00 AM give the best sightings and the coolest air.
Pathiramanal Island
Its name translates roughly as "sands of midnight", and this small island in the middle of Vembanad can only be reached by boat. It is covered in dense vegetation and is a quiet refuge for migratory and resident birds. The boat ride out gives some of the widest views of the lake, and the island itself makes a peaceful hour-long walk away from the resort crowds.
Bay Island Driftwood Museum
One of the more unusual stops in the area, this small private museum displays sculptures shaped naturally by the sea, collected from the beaches of the Andaman Islands and arranged by theme. It takes under an hour to see, works well on a rainy afternoon, and children tend to enjoy it more than they expect to.
Kumarakom Village Life Experience
Kerala Tourism's responsible tourism programme runs guided village tours in Kumarakom where you watch coir being spun, see toddy tapping, learn traditional fishing methods, and walk along paddy bunds with local farmers. It gives a far better sense of how people live around the backwaters than a resort stay alone, and the money goes directly to village households.
Aruvikkuzhi Waterfalls
About 18 kilometres from Kumarakom, these falls drop through a forested gorge surrounded by rubber plantations. The flow is strongest during and just after the monsoon, from June to October. It is an easy half-day outing by cab, and pairs well with a stop in Kottayam town on the way back.
Thirunakkara Mahadeva Temple, Kottayam
Built in traditional Kerala style in the heart of Kottayam, this Shiva temple is known for its wall paintings and for its annual festival in March, when Kathakali performances run through the night. It is a short drive from Kumarakom and a good introduction to Kerala temple architecture.
Vaikom Mahadeva Temple
One of the oldest and most revered Shiva temples in Kerala, and historically important as the site of the Vaikom Satyagraha of 1924 to 1925, which campaigned for the right of all castes to use the roads around the temple. The Vaikathashtami festival in November and December draws large crowds. It sits directly on our route, so most travellers visit on the way in or the way out.
Kuttanad Paddy Fields
South of Kumarakom lies Kuttanad, known as the "Rice Bowl of Kerala" and one of the few places in the world where rice is farmed below sea level. The green fields, held back from the water by earthen dykes, are best seen from a small shikara boat or on a drive along the canal roads during the growing season.
Distance
610 Km
One way
Time
12 hrs
Via expressway
Starting from
₹ 33659
Plus GST
29 Seater Bus A/C 2/2
NORMALAC29 Seats
₹27,918 ₹33,659
+ ₹4899 (Taxes & Charges)
30 Seater Bus A/C 2/2
NORMALAC30 Seats
₹28,510 ₹34,376
+ ₹5006 (Taxes & Charges)
32 Seater Bus A/C 2/2
NORMALAC32 Seats
₹27,918 ₹33,659
+ ₹4899 (Taxes & Charges)
33 Seater Bus A/C 2/2
NORMALAC33 Seats
₹27,918 ₹33,659
+ ₹4899 (Taxes & Charges)
.jpeg?tr=w-64,h-64,c-at_max)
40 Seater Bus A/C 2/2
LUXURYAC40 Seats
₹37,685 ₹45,423
+ ₹6603 (Taxes & Charges)
45 Seater Bus A/c 2/2
LUXURYAC45 Seats
₹40,644 ₹49,006
+ ₹7136 (Taxes & Charges)
49 Seater Bus A/C 2/3
NORMALAC49 Seats
₹34,135 ₹41,124
+ ₹5964 (Taxes & Charges)
50 Seater Bus A/C 2/3
NORMALAC50 Seats
₹34,135 ₹41,124
+ ₹5964 (Taxes & Charges)
27 Seater Bus A/C 2/1
LUXURYAC27 Seats
₹27,918 ₹33,659
+ ₹4899 (Taxes & Charges)
30 seater bus A/C Executive 2/2
LUXURYAC30 Seats
₹30,285 ₹36,525
+ ₹5325 (Taxes & Charges)
45 Seater Benz Bus A/C 2/2
LUXURYAC45 Seats
₹43,602 ₹52,588
+ ₹7668 (Taxes & Charges)
Volvo Bus A/C 2/2
LUXURYAC45 Seats
₹43,700
+ ₹7686 (Taxes & Charges)
Explore tailored vehicle rental options for corporate events, family celebrations, outstation trips, and airport transfers across major city routes.
Seamless guest transport and VIP drops with our luxury buses, premium Urbania, and spacious AC coaches.
Reliable travel solutions for executive client pickups, MICE events, and daily tech park commutes across Bangalore.
Comfortable pushback seating and ample luggage space for long-distance family tours and hill station trips.
Punctual airport pickups with live flight tracking and full-day city sightseeing packages for group exploring.
Where Your Journey Starts
40 Km
205 Km
365 Km
420 Km
485 Km
560 Km
590 Km
610 Km
Departure Point
Your journey to Ooty begins from Bangalore, the gateway to South India's most beloved hill stations. Pick-up is available from any part of the city — Koramangala, Electronic City, Whitefield, Hebbal, Yeshwanthpur, Marathahalli, or Majestic. The most common route out of Bangalore takes you onto NH275, the six-lane Mysore Expressway, which is one of the smoothest and best-maintained national highways in Karnataka. An early departure between 5 AM and 6 AM is strongly advised to clear Bangalore city limits before peak traffic begins. The first 50 km on the expressway are fast, comfortable, and lightly trafficked in the early hours, setting a pleasant tone for the journey ahead. Our drivers are experienced in choosing the optimal departure window and route based on real-time traffic conditions, ensuring that the first stretch of your Bangalore to Ooty road trip is efficient, calm, and enjoyable from the very first kilometre.
Little England
The first leg runs down Hosur Road past Electronic City and over the Attibele check post into Tamil Nadu. Leaving before 6:00 AM saves up to an hour on this stretch alone, which is why we recommend an early start. Hosur earned its nickname from the cool, pleasant climate that British officers enjoyed here, and today it is a major automobile and electronics manufacturing town. The Karnataka to Tamil Nadu permit is checked here, and your driver handles the paperwork in a few minutes. Most travellers are still half asleep at this point, so a quick tea stop past the check post is common before the car picks up speed on the open highway.
Steel City of Tamil Nadu
This fast four-lane stretch passes Dharmapuri, the turnoff for Hogenakkal Falls, before reaching Salem, a large city ringed by the Shevaroy Hills with the hill station of Yercaud perched above. Salem is known for its steel plant, its sago and silk industries, and some of the best mangoes in the state. Your driver will take the bypass and join NH544 toward Coimbatore without entering the congested city centre. You should pass Salem by around 8:30 AM.
Manchester of South India
Past Avinashi and its ancient Avinashilingeswarar temple, with the knitwear hub of Tiruppur a short distance south, the road reaches Coimbatore. The city earned its nickname from its textile mills and remains a major industrial centre, known too for its pleasant weather and its wet grinders and pump sets. It has the best choice of restaurants on the route, so it is the natural lunch halt, usually around 11:30 AM. The Western Ghats come into view here for the first time.
Granary of Kerala
Leaving Coimbatore, the highway reaches the Walayar check post on the Kerala border, where the Tamil Nadu to Kerala permit is verified. Traffic can queue here, so patience helps. Beyond it lies the Palakkad Gap, a 30 kilometre wide break in the Western Ghats that lets the monsoon winds and the highway through. The landscape turns abruptly greener, with paddy fields and palm trees on both sides. Palakkad Fort, rebuilt by Hyder Ali in the 18th century, sits in the middle of town.
Cultural Capital of Kerala
The road climbs gently through Vadakkanchery and passes through the Kuthiran twin tunnel, Kerala's first road tunnel, which removed one of the worst bottlenecks on this route. Thrissur is built around the Vadakkunnathan Temple and its grand open ground, the Thekkinkadu Maidan, which hosts the famous Thrissur Pooram festival every April or May with caparisoned elephants and percussion ensembles. A tea break here, with banana chips from a local bakery, is a Kerala tradition.
Queen of the Arabian Sea
The highway passes Chalakudy, the turnoff for Athirappilly Falls, then Angamaly and Aluva near the airport, before reaching the Vyttila hub on the edge of Kochi. Kochi is Kerala's commercial capital and historic port, famous for Fort Kochi, the Chinese fishing nets and the Jew Town spice market. On the drive in, your driver will avoid the city centre and take the Thrippunithura road south toward Vaikom. This stretch is the busiest in Kerala, so late afternoon traffic can add thirty minutes.
Temple Town and home of the Vaikom Satyagraha
The road narrows into a quieter state highway lined with coconut palms, canals and small villages. Vaikom sits on the edge of Vembanad Lake and is known both for the ancient Vaikom Mahadeva Temple and for its place in India's social reform history. If you arrive before evening, a short temple visit here is well worth the stop.
Kerala's backwater village on Vembanad Lake
The last leg winds south along the eastern lake shore through paddy polders and narrow canal bridges, with Kottayam, the "Land of Letters, Latex and Lakes", about 14 kilometres to the east. Kottayam earned that name for its early printing presses, its rubber plantations and the backwaters around it. Your driver takes you directly to your resort, homestay or houseboat jetty, usually by around 5:00 PM on a 5:00 AM departure.
Looking for reliable and comfortable group travel solutions? Tejas Tours & Travels offers premium luxury AC seater bus rentals with convenient doorstep pickup options. Perfect for corporate outings, family celebrations, outstation trips, and group tours with affordable rates and professional drivers.
Start your journey smoothly with flexible pickup options across major locations in Bangalore. Enjoy hassle-free boardings for large groups right from your preferred pickup point.
Choose from our wide fleet of 27 to 50 seater luxury AC buses, premium Volvo, and Benz coaches with comfortable pushback seats, clean interiors, and top-tier comfort.
Travel via the fast Bangalore-Mysore Expressway with 100% transparent pricing, no hidden costs, and experienced highway drivers for safe group travel.
For corporate offsites and incentive trips at Kumarakom lake resorts, with houseboat days and Kochi visits, GST invoicing, a Proforma Invoice for PO approval and consolidated billing through our corporate travels bangalore desk.
For college tours covering backwaters, the bird sanctuary, Kochi's heritage and responsible tourism village experiences. Our school transportation services team handles college tour bus rental and school excursion bus rental bangalore.
For extended families on backwater holidays and for destination weddings at Kumarakom resorts, with multiple pickup points in Bangalore and luggage space for everyone. Our wedding bus rental Bangalore service handles guest movement.
Non-AC 27 to 50 seater buses for groups where cost per head matters most. The budget tier differs only in specification, never in maintenance, driver vetting or safety.
Our volvo bus rental bangalore option offers volvo luxury bus and Benz coaches with reclining seats, ideal for the long 605-kilometre drive.
• Bus — 27 to 50 seater, including Volvo and Benz coaches, the core vehicle for this route
• Mini bus — 12 to 24 seater, handy for narrow lakeside roads
• Tempo traveller — 8 to 18 seater, for families and small groups
• Force Urbania — 13 to 17 seater luxury van
• Cars — 4 to 7 seater, from Etios, Dzire, Innova, Innova Crysta, Innova Hycross, Fortuner and Commuter through Corolla Altis, Camry, Audi A6, Audi Q7, BMW 5 Series, BMW 7 Series, Mercedes-Benz E Class, Mercedes-Benz S Class and Rolls-Royce Ghost
Tejas Tours and Travels does not operate sleeper bus services. All our buses are seated with push-back seats, and on this long route we plan halts so that no stretch becomes exhausting.
We quote in writing before you book, and the quote itemises everything. A 20 percent advance of the total fare confirms your booking.
• Base fare and fuel charges
• Driver allowance
• Toll charges and parking fees
• Interstate tax for Tamil Nadu and Kerala
• Additional driver bata after 9:45 PM
• Final rental is calculated on total kilometres and hours from our garage to garage
• GST as applicable
Houseboat hire, entry fees, boat rides and accommodation are paid by the group. Tejas Tours and Travels does not provide passenger insurance cover; passengers are advised to arrange their own travel insurance if required.
Every service below runs from both our Bangalore and Mysore bases. Our bus rental in bangalore fleet covers rental bus booking and bangalore bus booking, the volvo bus rental bangalore tier covers volvo luxury bus and luxury bus hire, and mini bus rental in bangalore handles minibus rental and mini bus booking online for twelve to twenty-four passengers.
For smaller groups, cab rental bangalore covers premium car rentals in bangalore and car booking, luxury tempo traveller bangalore offers our tt vehicle fleet, and force urbania rent bangalore covers urbania van rental. Business clients use corporate travels bangalore for corporate bus service bangalore and employee transportation services bangalore for office bus service bangalore and staff bus rental bangalore.
Schools rely on school transportation services for school bus rental bangalore. We also run airport transfer bangalore, outstation vehicle booking for outstation cabs bangalore, and innova hycross rent bangalore for hycross car rental. Custom tour packages are available on request.
Booking a bus for hire in Bangalore with Tejas Travels takes under 5 minutes. Follow these 4 steps.
• Call or WhatsApp +91 9980277773, or email info@tejastravels.com. Available 24 hours, 7 days a week.
• Share your travel date.
• Share your Bangalore pickup location — area, tech park or hotel name, such as Electronic City, Whitefield, Manyata, BIAL airport area or MG Road.
• Share your destination or full day-wise itinerary.
• Share your total group size.
• Share your preferred bus tier: Standard, Executive, Luxury, Volvo or BharatBenz.
• For Goa, Shirdi and multi-day bus hire from Bangalore, provide the full itinerary so we can allocate a driver experienced on the specific overnight route.
• For monthly employee commute contract hire, share the route and schedule details.
• Within 2 hours of your enquiry, Tejas Travels sends a written quote via WhatsApp or email.
• The quote itemises every charge: bus hire rate (per km or flat local package), driver allowance (Rs 700 to Rs 1,250 per day depending on vehicle), applicable toll estimates, interstate permit costs (Tamil Nadu for Ooty, Kerala for Wayanad, Goa, Andhra Pradesh for Tirupati), and driver night halt charges for multi-day hire.
• No verbal-only pricing. Everything is in writing before you commit.
• For MICE and corporate clients, a Proforma Invoice can be issued at this stage for PO-based approval.
• Request comparison quotes for Standard versus Executive bus hire at the same time.
• Review the written quote and confirm via WhatsApp or phone.
• A 20 percent advance payment of the total fare confirms the booking and guarantees the specific bus on your date.
• For Goa, Shirdi and overnight hire from Bangalore during New Year, Diwali and summer holiday peaks, book well ahead and pay the advance early.
• For large corporate bookings above Rs 50,000, a higher advance may be required.
• Payment options: UPI (Google Pay, PhonePe, Paytm), NEFT, IMPS or RTGS bank transfer, or credit and debit card via payment link.
• Advance receipt issued within 30 minutes.
• Your confirmation includes the driver name and mobile, vehicle registration, departure time, pickup confirmation and full billing breakdown, all in writing.
• Your assigned Tejas Travels driver arrives at the Bangalore pickup point 15 minutes before scheduled departure.
• For large groups from Electronic City or Whitefield, the driver coordinates the exact pickup gate.
• The bus is clean, sanitised, fuelled and GPS-active.
• The driver calls you 30 minutes before arrival.
• During the trip the driver handles all NH exits, toll payments, Karnataka border permits and rest stop coordination.
• At trip end the balance is settled after deducting the advance.
• Any additional kilometres or hours are billed at the pre-agreed rate.
Quick bus hire booking: WhatsApp +91 9980277773 with your group size, Bangalore pickup location, destination and travel date. Written bus hire quote in 2 hours.
Tejas Travels accepts all major digital and traditional payment methods for both advance deposits and final settlement at trip end.
• UPI — Google Pay, PhonePe, Paytm and BHIM UPI. The fastest method with instant confirmation. Recommended for advance deposits on bus hire.
• Bank transfer — NEFT, IMPS and RTGS. For large corporate hire above Rs 15,000. IMPS is instant; NEFT can take up to 2 hours.
• Credit and debit card — Visa, Mastercard and RuPay, via payment link to your registered mobile or email. Valid for advance and full payment.
• Net banking — All major Indian banks. Payment link via WhatsApp or email. Preferred for Bangalore MICE and corporate PO approvals.
• Cash — Balance at time of travel, accepted at trip end. The advance must be digital for bus hire confirmation. A receipt is issued.
• Corporate credit — For registered corporate accounts, with 30-day credit terms for signed corporate clients and monthly consolidated invoicing available.
Bus hire note: a 20 percent advance confirms the specific bus on your date. For Goa, Shirdi and large peak-date Bangalore corporate hire bookings, a higher advance may apply. Volvo and BharatBenz bus hire should be confirmed well ahead with advance payment.
Tejas Travels maintains a fair, transparent and tiered cancellation policy for all bus hire in Bangalore. All terms are communicated in writing at booking confirmation.
• More than 7 days before departure — No cancellation charge. 100 percent of the advance is refunded within 5 to 7 working days.
• 4 to 7 days before departure — 10 percent of the total trip fare. The advance is refunded less the 10 percent deduction.
• 48 hours to 4 days before departure — 25 percent of the total trip fare. The advance is refunded less the 25 percent deduction.
• 24 to 48 hours before departure — 50 percent of the total trip fare. The advance is refunded less the 50 percent deduction.
• Less than 24 hours before departure — 75 percent of the total trip fare. Minimal or no refund depending on trip value.
• No-show, where the bus is deployed and the group is absent — 100 percent of the total trip fare. No refund. The full fare is payable.
• Cancellation by Tejas Travels due to breakdown or force majeure — No cancellation charge. 100 percent refunded within 2 working days, or an alternate bus is offered.
• Weddings — Minimum 7-day notice for a full refund. Cancellations within 3 days of a Bangalore wedding are non-refundable.
• Multi-day outstation — Goa, Shirdi and multi-day outstation bus hire need a minimum 7-day notice for a full refund on overnight or multi-day Bangalore bus hire.
• Peak dates — New Year's Eve, Diwali and Bangalore long weekends need a minimum 48-hour notice for a full refund.
• Corporate contracts — For monthly corporate commute contracts, contract terms govern. Modifications with 48-hour notice are accommodated subject to route availability.
• Force majeure — Bangalore bandhs, force majeure and road closures attract a 100 percent refund within 2 working days, regardless of notice period.
How to cancel: call or WhatsApp +91 9980277773 with your booking reference. Cancellation confirmation within 2 hours. Refund to the original payment method.
All refunds are processed to the original payment instrument. No cash refund is issued unless the advance was paid in cash.
• Cancellation 7 or more days before departure — 100 percent of the advance paid, within 5 to 7 working days.
• Cancellation 4 to 7 days before departure — Advance minus the 10 percent charge, within 5 to 7 working days.
• Cancellation 48 hours to 4 days before departure — Advance minus the 25 percent charge, within 7 working days.
• Cancellation 24 to 48 hours before departure — Advance minus the 50 percent charge, within 7 to 10 working days.
• Cancellation by Tejas Travels for operational reasons — 100 percent of the advance paid, within 2 working days on priority.
• Trip shortfall where kilometres are less than the minimum — Proportional credit, settled at trip end.
• Billing error or overcharge — The full overcharged amount, within 2 to 3 working days after verification.
• Duplicate payment — The full duplicate amount, within 2 to 3 working days after confirmation.
• UPI — Google Pay, PhonePe and Paytm refunds go to the UPI-linked bank account within 3 to 5 working days.
• Credit or debit card — Refund to the originating card within 5 to 7 working days.
• Bank transfer — Refund to the originating account within 3 to 5 working days. The account is re-confirmed before processing.
• Cash — Cash refund at the Tejas Travels Bangalore office, or via IMPS within 5 working days.
Refund contact: WhatsApp +91 9980277773 with your booking reference, advance receipt and refund reason. Confirmation within 24 hours.
Experience quick and convenient booking for car rentals, tempo travellers, minibuses & buses directly from the app.
Travelled to Bangalore
We had a great experience with this travel agent while arranging a bus for our team outing. The response was quick and professional, and all our requirements were handled smoothly. The bus arrived on time, was neat and clean, and the journey was very comfortable. Special thanks to Mahantesh, who was the coordinator and supported us with all last-minute changes. The overall coordination was excellent, which made our trip hassle-free. Highly recommended for group travel arrangement.
Sagar Bamashetti
11/9/2025 Bangalore
5/5
Travelled to Bangalore
Sharing a quick note of appreciation for the bus arranged through Tejes Travel for our team outing. The 40-seater bus was very comfortable, clean, and well maintained, which made the journey smooth and enjoyable for everyone. The driver was punctual, polite, and cooperative, and the overall coordination from the Tejes Travel team was very good.
Saroj Gupta
6/11/2025 Bangalore
5/5
Travelled to Bangalore
I had booked to go to a resort on a day trip with senior citizens too.. Ms. Revathi was so good arranging a very good, comfortable bus. Which came in time. Driver was also very polite.. Thanks a lot ms. Revathi and Tejas tours and travels.
Somaasunder Ks
2/6/2025 Bangalore
5/5
Travelled to Bangalore
Lead Consultantancy, we had booked the bus from Tejas Tours and Travels. The experience was great. 1. Good Customer service 2. Soft spoken driver 3. Clean seats and Good AC They were professional, great experience. Overall we support and recommend.
Ramesh Thirugnanam
13/10/2024 Bangalore
5/5
Professional Travel Solutions
Streamlined travel services tailored for your next adventure.
Extensive Vehicle Network
Large fleet of cars and buses for all your needs.
Transparent Pricing
Clear costs and availability with no hidden fees.
Easy Booking Options
Simple reservations for regional and outstation trips.
The bangalore to kumarakom distance is approximately 605 kilometres via Salem, Coimbatore, Palakkad, Thrissur and Kochi. A bus takes 12 to 13 hours including meal halts, so it can be done in a long day starting at 4:00 AM, or split with a halt at Coimbatore or Thrissur.
The route passes through Tamil Nadu into Kerala, so interstate permits for both are required. We arrange them before departure and bill them at actuals.
Houseboats are booked directly with licensed operators in Kumarakom or Alappuzha. Once you share your houseboat dates, we plan the bus to drop and pick up the group at the right jetty.
Most resorts are reachable by bus, but some lakeside lanes are narrow. For resorts with restricted access, we plan a drop point on the main road or arrange a smaller vehicle for the last stretch.
Pricing starts from around Rs 45 per kilometre for a 29 seater bus and varies by size, AC or non-AC, and Volvo or Benz coaches. The fare includes base fare, fuel and driver allowance. Toll, parking, interstate taxes for Tamil Nadu and Kerala, driver bata after 9:45 PM and GST are extra, and the rental is calculated garage to garage.
Yes. Alappuzha is across the lake, and Munnar is about four hours away. A week-long Kerala circuit covering Kochi, Munnar, Thekkady, Kumarakom and Alappuzha is a popular group plan.
September to March is ideal, with pleasant weather and migratory birds from November to February. The monsoon, from June to August, brings heavy rain but lush scenery and lower resort rates.
A 20 percent advance of the total fare, paid digitally, confirms the booking. The payment and cancellation sections above give the full terms, including the 7-day notice for weddings and multi-day outstation hire.
No. We do not operate sleeper bus services, and we do not provide passenger insurance cover. Passengers who want cover should arrange their own travel insurance.
Call or WhatsApp +91 9980277773, or email info@tejastravels.com, with your travel dates, pickup location, group size and preferred bus tier. A written, itemised quote follows within 2 hours. Our bangalore bus booking lines are open 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.
.jpeg?tr=w-350,c-at_max,q-50)
